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Eating Disorders (EDs) are a group of serious and potentially fatal mental illnesses that are characterized by body image distortion and severe disturbances surrounding eating behavior. ED sufferers face significant physical, psychological and social impairments. The majority of ED cases present themselves during adolescence, and this has severe implications for the sufferer’s long-term education, employment, professional improvement, and lifelong earnings.
The full range of Feeding and Eating disorders that are identified in the diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 (DSM-5) are as follows: Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN), Binge Eating Disorder (BED), as well as other specified feeding or eating disorders (OSFED), unspecified feeding or eating disorders (UFED), PICA, Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), and Rumination Disorder (RD) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
EDs are associated with some severe, sometimes permanent physical consequences such as damage to multiple organ systems, fertility issues, cardiac illnesses, type 2 diabetes, and osteopenia or osteoporosis. Furthermore, ED sufferers are under a significant risk for sudden death mainly caused by severe cardiovascular complications . EDs often present with a range of co-morbidities, such as Type 1 Diabetes, Borderline Personality Disorder, depression, OCD, and Autistic Spectrum Disorders.
The main therapeutic approaches effectively used for individuals with eating disorders are CBT-E and in some cases (such as when the individuals is under 18 or living with the parents) family therapy have been proven to be efficient.
The best treatment approaches were obtained using findings from the Royal College of Psychiatrists Survey which comprised of 83 eating disorders units across the United Kingdom and Ireland that provide treatment for patients across a diverse age range (2012).
Anorexia (or anorexia nervosa) is a serious mental illness where people are of low weight due to limiting their energy intake. It can affect anyone of any age, gender, or background...
Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder, more commonly known as ARFID, is a condition characterised by the person avoiding certain foods or types of food, having restricted intake in terms of overall amount eaten, or both.
Binge eating disorder (BED) is a serious mental illness where people experience a loss of control and eat large quantities of food on a regular basis. It can affect anyone of any age, gender, or background.
Bulimia (or bulimia nervosa) is a serious mental illness. It can affect anyone of any age, gender, or background. People with bulimia are caught in a cycle of eating large quantities of food (called bingeing), and then trying to compensate for that overeating by vomiting, taking laxatives or diuretics, fasting, or exercising excessively (called purging).
Anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder are diagnosed according to a list of expected behavioural, psychological, and physical symptoms. Sometimes a person’s symptoms don’t exactly fit the expected symptoms for any of these three specific eating disorders. In that case, they might be diagnosed with an “other specified feeding or eating disorder” (OSFED).
Rumination disorder involves the regular regurgitation of food that occurs for at least one month. Regurgitated food may be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spit out. Typically, when someone regurgitates their food, they do not appear to be making an effort, nor do they appear to be stressed, upset, or disgusted.
The unspecified feeding and eating disorder category is used in situations in which the clinician chooses not to specify the reason that the criteria are not met for a specific feeding and eating disorder, and includes presentation in which there is insufficient information to make a more specific diagnosis (e.g., in emergency room settings).